Scheduling optimization of a wind power-containing power system considering the integrated and flexible carbon capture power plant and P2G equipment under demand response and reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading

•Integrated and flexible carbon capture power plants (IFCCPPs) are analyzed.•A system model is established that connects the IFCCPP, power-to-gas, and wind farms.•A two-stage low-carbon scheduling model is constructed considering demand response.•Reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading has stricter limits on emissions.•The proposed model has advantages in reducing abandoned wind, emissions and cost. At present, coal-fired thermal power still dominates in China, and as the environmental pollution problem worsens, it is critical to find the optimal combination of coal and new energy to reduce CO2 emissions and promote new energy consumption. Based on this, this paper considers a reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading mechanism, firstly, unit transformation of the conventional coal power plant (CPP) on the power side, forming the integrated and flexible carbon capture power plant (IFCCPP), and constructing a coupling model of the IFCCPP with power to gas (P2G) equipment and wind farms(WFs), forming an IFCCPP-P2G-WF system; secondly, introducing a price demand response mechanism on the load side, and establishing a two-stage scheduling model for the IFCCPP-P2G-WF system, with the first stage model aiming at the minimum sum of squared load fluctuations and the second stage model aiming at the minimum operation cost. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheduling model proposed in this paper is validated by comparing and analyzing the scheduling results under eight scenarios. When compared to other models, the proposed model significantly increases wind power consumption, reduces carbon emissions, and lowers operation cost, all of which have advantages.