Navigating dual hazards: Managing hurricane evacuation and sheltering operations Amidst COVID-19

Hurricane Laura made landfall in August of 2020 as a Category 4 storm, heavily affecting the coastlines of Texas and Louisiana. At the same time, both areas were coping with a surge in COVID-19 cases absent a vaccine. For this study, we explored how emergency management stakeholders navigated evacuation, sheltering, and re-entry planning and operations during a dual hazard threat where hurricane risk reduction measures contradicted COVID-19 risk reduction measures. We conducted 35 semi-structured interviews with emergency management stakeholders in Texas and Louisiana in the spring of 2021. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy designed to identify agency representatives and other officials involved with planning for hurricane season and with the Hurricane Laura response effort. We used thematic analysis to code and analyze the data. Findings suggest that while the process for planning for hurricanes had to shift to an online approach, the plan for addressing hurricane season was largely unchanged from the perspective of most participants until days before impact, when the decision was made to move to noncongregate sheltering. This led to adaptive and creative improvisation on the part of participants managing the evacuation and sheltering operations. Likewise, we found that caring for and communicating with evacuees in a noncongregate setting presented unanticipated challenges that required improvisation to address. Given the continued threat posed by COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses, this study provides insights that emergency management stakeholders could apply to current and future planning and response efforts for hazards that require evacuation and sheltering.