Explicit topology optimization for liquid cooling channel design using end-constrained Bézier curve components with variable width

Topology optimization methods can enhance cooling efficiency by altering channel configurations, as they significantly affect heat dissipation performance. However, traditional implicit topology optimization methods encounter challenges with size control and detachment of optimized structures from computer aided design (CAD) software. Similarly, although the moving morphable components (MMC) approach offers explicit parameters for direct modeling, it may result in disconnected channels due to the arrangement of discrete components. This study proposes an explicit topology optimization approach for liquid cooling channel design using end-constrained Bézier curve components with variable width. The endpoints of channel components are respectively constrained to the inlet and outlet boundaries to maintain connected channels throughout the optimization process. The optimized configuration can be attained by updating the control points and half widths of channel components. Numerical studies demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve heat dissipation performance comparable to existing topology optimization methods. Most importantly, our proposed method allows for minimum width control without adding extra constraints, thereby facilitating manufacturing. This research can guide channel design in liquid cooling engineering applications.