Biochemical and molecular study of extracellular MiR-21-5p and MiR-99-5p as diagnostic biomarkers of urothelial bladder carcinoma

Early diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma improves patient survival and lowers medical expenses. The current diagnostic methods for bladder urothelial carcinoma are not very sensitive and specific. MicroRNAs are a subclass of endogenously produced noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. It has been reported that they were dysregulated in many malignancies. They are more reliable noninvasive diagnostic tools due to their consistency in biofluids and their distinctive expression sequence under a variety of clinical conditions. In order to increase the precision of the current diagnostic tools, we looked into miR-21-5p and miR-99-5p as markers of bladder urothelial carcinoma in plasma and urine. In this study, samples of whole blood and urine were collected from 30 healthy control people, 40 patients with inflammatory disorders such as cystitis or prostatitis, and 40 others with bladder urothelial carcinoma. The expression levels of miR-21-5p and miR-99-5p were measured using quantitative PCR on these samples. The data analysis revealed that miR-21-5p and miR-99-5p significantly reflected bladder urothelial carcinoma cases in plasma and urine. When compared to controls, miR-21-5p was significantly upregulated in the samples, whereas miR-99-5p was downregulated in cancer patients. No statistical differences were discovered in the expression of miR-21-5p and miR-99-5p when compared between inflammatory group and controls. The statistical analysis clarified that each microRNA had excellent specificity. The two microRNAs can be used as noninvasive, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic tools for bladder urothelial carcinoma. •Significant decrease in plasma & urinary miR-99 expression in urothelial carcinoma.•Marked increase of plasma & urinary miR-21expressionin urothelial carcinoma.•By ROC curve analysis, plasma and urinary miR-21 expression had the best validity.•Micro RNAs might be one of the promising molecular biomarkers for evident diagnosis of bladder cancer moreover follow up of those had transurethral resection.