Abnormal angiogenesis associated with HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in recurrent miscarriage along with therapeutic goals

Recurrent Miscarriage (RM), the most typical pregnancy complication, is diagnosed as the three consecutive losses of pregnancy during the first trimester. According to the epidemiologic studies about1% to 2% of women experience recurrent pregnancy loss. Defects in vascular formation and angiogenesis are among the causes leading to an increased risk of pregnancy loss. Angiogenesis process is one of the most important steps of embryogenesis, characterized by the formation of new blood vessels from previous blood vessels. Failure at any stage of the angiogenesis process from starting and sprouting vessels to maturation, can reduce the chances of the fetus surviving due to a lack of exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. Some pathways associated with angiogenesis such as HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway are very important in fetal and placental development. RM has multiple etiology among which we will discuss how genetic variations of angiogenic factors in association with HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway are connected with RM. We will also review some therapeutic targets associated with this pathway. •Angiogenesis process is one of the most important steps of embryogenesis, characterized by the formation of new blood vessels from previous blood vessels.•Some pathways associated with angiogenesis such as HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway are very important in fetal and placental development.•Regulation of angiogenesis in diseases related to this process is one of the therapeutic•Pro and antiangiogenic therapeutic approaches, based on recent advances in the molecular understanding of angiogenesis steps, are the two categories of treatments to achieve these goals