Synergistic multifactor influence and management of commercial vanadium-based catalyst lifetimes

•The effect of components in flue gas on commercial SCR catalyst was summarized.•The mechanisms of multifactorial synergism on VWT catalysts were first clarified.•Comprehensive approach to extend the lifetime of commercial catalysts was presented.•Concepts for catalyst lifetime prediction and management were reported. NOx does great harm to the environment and human beings. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is proven to be a mature technology to eliminate NOx from the waste gas, in which V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2 is the commercialized catalyst system. Lifetime is recognized as an important parameter to evaluate the practicality of the catalyst. However, this parameter is difficult to determine because of the variable flue gas conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impacts of different components on the deNOx performance of the catalysts so that rational lifetime management methods can be adopted. This advance would be introduced in this review first. Then the synergistic effects of multi-poisons on the catalysts would be summarized and illustrated. In accordance with these studies, some modification was conducted to enhance the catalyst's anti-poisoning ability to achieve the goal of prolonging the lifetime of the catalysts. Moreover, the latest research advances in the lifetime prediction of the SCR catalysts and the relevant management systems were summarized in the following section. This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for simulating the catalyst deactivation process under actual conditions and shows a direction for constructing catalyst lifetime management systems.