Effects of hydrocarbon liquid and HHO as the alternate fuel for unmodified compression ignition engines

•Effects of the HHO and biodiesel in a diesel engine were investigated.•5% and 10% kerosene were dispersed with the neat diesel and tested with HHO.•Addition of HHO decreased the emission of CO.•No reduction in the NOx reported for all test fuels. In recent days dual blends displays excellent activity in the reduction of the formation of the greenhouse gases during combustion. The current study predicted the effects of the HHO on the conventional diesel engine without any major modifications to the engine. The blends K-1 type kerosene were added to the waste cooking biodiesel at the two different fashions (5% and 10%). To observe the effects of biodiesel, kerosene and hydrogen, this study encompasses performance and emission characteristics at different engine loading conditions (0% to 90%). The oxyhydrogen generated from the portable system were injected in to the diesel engine as the part of co-flow. Based on the BTE, BSFC, HC, CO, NOx and CO2 values, the introduction of the hydrogen was the promising option in the area of alternate fuel. However, addition of the hydrogen to the biodiesel affects the ignition delay owing to the premature combustion. Further, compared to the neat diesel, addition of hydrogen with the convention fuel reported decent brake thermal efficiency and the reduced formation of carbon footprints in the emissions. The maximum BTE has been reported by B20 + HHO + K10 blend of 38% and their respective BSFC and EGT was 228 g/kWh and 200 °C. Similar to above, the emission values of CO and CO2 were lower than neat diesel. On the contrary, there is no evidence of reduction on NOx formation.