Differences in in vitro bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity depending on linkage type of luteolin 4′-O-glucosides

[Display omitted] This study investigated the effect of glycosylation on the antioxidant capacities of luteolin by analyzing the differences in in vitro bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity based on glucose anomers. Luteolin, luteolin 4′-O-alpha-glucoside (L4αG), and luteolin 4′-O-beta-glucoside (L4βG) were used to obtain clear and direct research results, excluding the influence of complex food matrices. L4αG exhibited lower water solubility, digestive stability, and aglycone-releasing ability compared to L4βG. However, it most effectively alleviated intracellular oxidative stress in H2O2-induced Caco-2 cells by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases and activating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor signaling pathways. The findings suggested that the alpha-anomer of glucose in L4αG significantly (p