Study on the efficiency characteristics of a stacked cone two-dimensional piston pump

This paper proposes a two-dimensional piston pump with a stacked cone-roll structure. The pump rotates continuously while also moving back and forth in the axial direction. It utilizes the suction and discharge ports to alternate the flow of oil, ensuring proper distribution and completing the suction and discharge process. The operating mechanism of the piston pump was analyzed, and subsequently, a mathematical model was developed to determine its mechanical efficiency and volumetric efficiency was established. Furthermore, the AMESim simulation model was built to obtain the variation curves of the input torque and leakage flow of the drive unit under different load pressures and rotational speeds. Ultimately, a prototype was fabricated and a test apparatus was assembled to evaluate the volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency under varying speeds and load pressures. The empirical findings were largely congruent with the modeling findings, indicating that the volumetric efficiency rose from 86.3% to 92.2% as the speed increased, whereas the mechanical efficiency declined from 93.8% to 89.1% under a constant load pressure. Under constant speed conditions, the volumetric efficiency of the stacked tapered roller-type two-dimensional piston pump fell from 94.1% to 91.3% as the load pressure increased. However, the mechanical efficiency grew from 87% to 90.2%. These findings confirm the practicality of the pump design. •A two-dimensional piston pump with a stacked cone-roll structure.•Efficiency characterization of piston pumps by theory, simulation and experiment.•2D piston pumps have the advantages of simple structure, high volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency.•When the load pressure is constant, the volumetric efficiency increases with increasing speed and the mechanical efficiency decreases with increasing speed.•When the speed is constant, the volumetric efficiency decreases with increasing load pressure and the mechanical efficiency increases with increasing load pressure.