Thermal radiation distribution of low-momentum jet diffusion flame under the effect of cross airflow

Radiation from a fire usually plays a dominant role in its spread and may pose a significant threat to the surrounding environment. In this paper, flame evolution characteristics and the radiation behavior of low-momentum jet flames affected by cross airflow is investigated by varying the cross-airflow velocity and jet exit velocity. As the results show, the flame length increases at first, and then decreases with the increase of cross airflow. In addition, increased cross airflow causes the flame's inclined angle to gradually increase, while its width decreases. A model considering cross airflow velocity and fuel jet velocity is proposed for the prediction of radiation distribution. Furthermore, it has been found that the radiation flux downstream of the fire source increases at first, and then begins to decrease with the gradual increase in cross airflow velocity. Finally, an inclined cylindrical flame model is proposed to predict the radiation flux of a low-momentum jet flame under the effect of cross airflow, and a further model of flame radiation fraction considering cross airflow velocity and jet momentum is developed. These findings may provide some reference for the design of safer gas storage and transportation facilities.