The present and proposed sustainable food waste treatment technology in Indonesia: A review

Domestic waste is dominated by food waste (FW) in Indonesia. Indonesia has committed to advancing FW management based on The National Strategy Policy Guidelines (Presidential Regulation 97/2017), aiming for a 30% reduction and 70% waste handling by 2025. However, the current FW regulations and treatments are insufficient to reach these targets. This paper aims to quantify the potential FW generation and provide integrated government regulation and technical recommendations on the current technology to enhance the applicability of FW treatment in Indonesia. The proposed treatment technology is discussed within the context of technical, economic, and environmental concerns. The current practical FW treatments include composting and landfill, with landfill having the highest environmental impact. Black soldier flies and thermal treatments are new technologies considered promising by Indonesia’s Waste to Energy regulations. However, FW treatment technical considerations are expected to developing on different scales. Therefore, the environmental impact of current treatments must be considered. It is crucial to analyze specific FW treatment recommendations in terms of product and residuals to improve environmental impact assessment quality. [Display omitted] •Approximately 20.8 million tons/year of FW potential in various regions.•Integration and comprehensive regulation is require to confirm FW management.•Small and large-scale technology management must be considered in FW treatment.•Landfills are Indonesia’s most common FW treatment followed by composting.•BSF, AD, composting, thermal, and RDF are promising FW technologies.