A multi-objective configuration optimization method of passive hybrid energy storage system for pulse loads operating under very low temperatures

The lithium-ion battery energy storage system currently widely used faces a problem of rapid degradation of electrical performance at very low temperatures (such as −40 °C), making it difficult to meet the power supply requirements of high-power pulse loads in low-temperature environments. To address this issue, this paper proposes a multi-objective configuration optimization method for passive lithium-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) based on an electro-thermal-aging coupling model, in order to achieve non-preheating power supply for pulse loads under low temperatures. Firstly, an electro-thermal-aging coupling model for the passive HESS is established to accurately describe the dynamic characteristics during discharge. Subsequently, aiming at the low-temperature application requirements of high-power pulse loads, a multi-objective configuration optimization model is established based on the coupling model with the objectives of minimizing the mass and the minimum operating ambient temperature of the HESS; a solving method of the optimization model is designed based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy. Finally, a case study is conducted on configuration optimization for a certain type of pulse load. The optimization results show that when the minimum operating temperature is consistent and below 0 °C, the passive HESS compared with the lithium-ion battery energy storage system can reduce the system mass by more than 23% and the acquisition cost by more than 18% while maintaining basically consistent single-pulse costs. When the minimum operating temperature is lower, the advantages of the HESS are even more significant. •HESS optimal design is carried out for pulse loads operating at low temperatures.•Passive HESS power distribution can be achieved by configuration adjustment.•An electro-thermal-aging coupled modeling was conducted for SC and passive HESS.•The electrical performance of SCs degrades rapidly in the early stage of cycle aging.•HESS has significant advantages in terms of system mass and cost compared with BESS.