Lightning surge analysis for hybrid wind turbine-photovoltaic-battery energy storage system

•The lightning transient behaviours of the large scale wind turbine (WT)-Photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage system (BESS) hybrid system is first studied.•Those from Overheadline outside substation and transmission tower of WF endanger the power equipment installed in the substation.•The surges from PV mainly affect the equipment within PV system, and they have a relatively small influence on the hybrid substation.•The string structure of PV system and the star arrangement for WF is preferred from the viewpoint of lightning protection. The lightning transient overvoltages in the hybrid wind turbine (WT) -photovoltaic (PV)- battery energy storage system (BESS) is investigated in this paper. A hybrid system model is devolved in the environment of EMTP. The high-frequency (HF) models of components in the hybrid system are established, including PV string, inverter, cable, power transformer, wind tower, DC/DC converter and so on. Then, three types of overvoltages caused by lightning striking PV array, transmission tower of wind farm (WF) and terminal tower of 500 kV substation are thoroughly studied. The installation mode of surge protection device (SPD) within PV system is discussed. Finally, the influence of WF and PV system topologies on lightning surge is discussed. The results show that lightning surges from the PV system do not affect the WF, the BESS, and the hybrid substation. Regarding lightning surges from the substation side, the string structure exhibits a significant decrease of 72.8% in voltage compared to its central structure in PV system. Observing WF, when comparing the star structure against the radial connection, there is a reduction of 63.4% in lightning voltage in the former.