Study on fault-slip process and seismic mechanism under dynamic loading of hard roof fracture disturbance

•A numerical model for stability analysis of faults under dynamic loading is developed.•Faults impedes the transmission of shock waves and causes their attenuation.•The slip mechanism of faults under dynamic loading is analyzed based on multi-parameter indicators.•The effect of changes in seismic parameters on fault slip mechanisms is analysed. The dynamic stress disturbance induced by mining is a significant factor triggering fault-slip. To better understand the impact of mining-induced hard roof fracture on fault-slip, combined with the geological conditions of a longwall face in contact with the fault, a dynamic and static numerical model was established using FLAC3D. The influence of dynamic loading from hard roof fracture on fault stability was investigated. The characteristics of changes in fault shear stress, shear displacement, slip area, and seismic moment under dynamic loading were analyzed. Simultaneously, numerical results were compared and analyzed against microseismic (MS) monitoring records in the mining, validating the accuracy of the numerical results. The results indicate that dynamic loading is a critical factor in inducing fault-slip. As a geological weak surface, the fault impedes the transmission of shock waves and causes their attenuation. Under dynamic loading, when the fluctuation of fault shear stress and friction coefficient exceeds the threshold, the fault-slip. During the fault-slip process, accompanied by a sharp increase in shear displacement, the seismic moment increases. Finally, the influence of changes in seismic parameters (e.g. longwall–fault distance, seismic energy, and seismic location) on the fault-slip mechanism was analyzed. This study contributes to a better understanding of the disturbance mechanism of mining-induced dynamic loading on fault-slip and provides a theoretical basis for fault-slip rock bursts.