Low-carbon coordinated operation of electric-heat-gas-hydrogen interconnected system and benchmark design considering multi-energy spatial and dynamic coupling

The introduction of hydrogen, advanced energy conversion/storage technologies and transmission differences among multi-energy networks challenge the coordinated operation of multi-energy interconnected system (MEIS). This paper proposes an optimization scheduling model of MEIS considering refined hydrogen utilization and multi-energy dynamic coupling. To enhance the flexibility of MEIS, an advanced adiabatic air energy storage (AA-CAES) model considering pressure behavior and thermal dynamic is developed, which can decouple heat and molecular potential energies and realize electric-heat co-store/co-generation. To refine hydrogen utilization, a flexible operation mode of E2H–H2G-G2H-HST coupling energy supply is presented, which introduces gas to hydrogen (G2H) into MEIS for the first time, enabling the low-cost and zero-carbon-emission hydrogen production by gas. To explore the flexible potential among energy distribution networks, multi-energy dynamic coupling is considered with energy charge/discharge in form of pipeline energy storage. Furthermore, the existing MEIS benchmarks suffer from problems of unreasonable node/network coupling, thus a novel MEIS benchmark considering spatial relations of multi-energy networks is designed to verify the proposed model. Results show that the proposed model can better cope with fluctuations of energy demand peaks, reduce 20.99% of economic cost and 27.81% of carbon emission, leading to the better economy, low carbon and flexibility for MEIS operation. •AA-CAES co-generates/co-stores electric and heat energies for MEIS.•Mode of E2H–H2G-G2H-HST coupling energy supply refines the utilization of hydrogen.•Dynamic coupling of energy distribution networks provides more flexibility resources.•MEIS benchmark considering spatial relations of multi-energy networks is designed.•The proposed scheduling model has advantages in economy, low carbon and flexibility.