Fluorobenzene as new working fluid for high-temperature heat pumps and organic Rankine cycles: Energy analysis and thermal stability test
•Fluorobenzene is proposed as working fluid for high-temperature heat pumps and ORC.•Thermal stability of the fluid is tested with improved method and chemical analysis.•The presence of non-condensable gases removal system is simulated during the test.•Excellent stability is found as annual degradat...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Energy conversion and management 2024-12, Vol.321, p.119023, Article 119023 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | •Fluorobenzene is proposed as working fluid for high-temperature heat pumps and ORC.•Thermal stability of the fluid is tested with improved method and chemical analysis.•The presence of non-condensable gases removal system is simulated during the test.•Excellent stability is found as annual degradation is lower than 4 % at 350 °C.•At 180 °C heat sink temperature, COP of 3.25 is achieved for 100 °C temperature lift.
Industrial high-temperature heat pumps and Organic Rankine Cycles play a pivotal role in reducing CO2 emissions of the industrial sector. While several eco-friendly refrigerants have been explored for subcritical heat pumps below 150 °C, above this threshold only a few fluids can be adopted.
In this article, fluorobenzene (C6H5F) is proposed for the first time as a versatile working fluid suitable for both HTHP and ORC systems. Notably, it possesses a near-zero Global Warming Potential, null Ozone Depletion Potential, low cost, and low toxicity. The thermo-chemical stability of fluorobenzene is experimentally investigated with an advanced procedure, simulating the presence of the non-condensable-gases removal system in real plant operating conditions. The yearly rate of unimolecular decomposition is estimated less than 4 % at 350 °C, and even after 400 h of thermal stress no decomposition products have been detected in the liquid phase through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
In a direct heat exchange case study, coupled with exhaust gases at 390 °C, fluorobenzene achieves a net power production higher than other commercial fluids adopted in high-temperature units. In subcritical two-stage throttling heat pump condensing at 180 °C fluorobenzene shows a good Coefficient of Performance of 3.25 at 100 °C temperature lift. |
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ISSN: | 0196-8904 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119023 |