Transformation of existing inefficient buildings into nearly zero-emission buildings – A case study of a residential building from the Czech Republic

This article presents a case study focusing on the conversion of an existing typical residential building in the Czech Republic into a near-zero emission building. Five parameters were compared in the study: average heat transfer, coefficient of the building envelope, non-renewable primary energy, energy requirements for heating, total energy supplied, and carbon dioxide emissions. A total of five energy-saving options were developed for the building, covering the building envelope and building services. The study was conducted considering two separate heat sources for heating and domestic hot water. The evaluation was carried out for a scenario involving a heat pump, and a district heating system.