Synthesis of cobalt selenide composite material: A novel platform of the electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of Upadacitinib

•A novel Co6.8Se8@NPC composite material was successfully synthesized via a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) precursor using a one-pot synthesis method.•The synthesized composite exhibited uniform morphology and well-dispersed Co6.8Se8 nanoparticles throughout the NPC matrix, leading to enhanced electrocatalytic activity.•The Co6.8Se8@NPC/GCE demonstrated remarkable electrocatalytic properties towards Upadacitinib oxidation, exhibiting a broad linear range (0.5 μM–13.6 μM) and low limit of detection (1.14 × 10−8 M).•The Co6.8Se8@NPC/GCE successfully determined Upadacitinib in pharmaceutical and biological samples, demonstrating its practical applicability in real-world scenarios. This study investigates the first electrochemical determination of Upadacitinib (UPA), a potent Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with remarkable efficacy in treating various inflammatory disorders, utilizing a GCE modified with a composite material comprising Co6.8Se8 embedded in porous carbon (Co6.8Se8@NPC). Simultaneously, a novel Co6.8Se8@NPC composite was synthesized using a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) via a one-pot synthesis method. The characterizations confirmed that Co6.8Se8@NPC is uniformly dispersed within the porous carbon network. Leveraging the applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives, Co6.8Se8@NPC was explored for the determination of UPA. The electrochemical behavior of UPA was systematically investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, upon modifying the GCE with the Co6.8Se8@NPC composite. These materials significantly enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for Upadacitinib detection. Compared with the unmodified electrode, the Co6.8Se8@NPC/GCE exhibited a notable catalytic effect towards the oxidation of UPA, as evidenced by the appearance of an irreversible oxidative peak at a reduced potential and an enhancement in current. The developed method exhibited exceptional performance characteristics with a broad linear range, and low limits of detection and quantification. Moreover, the sensor exhibits good selectivity, repeatability, and stability. Furthermore, the investigation extended to the determination of Upadacitinib in pharmaceutical and biological samples, underscoring the practical applicability of the modified GCE in real-world scenarios. [Display omitted]