Nanoplasmonic engineering construction of europium oxide incorporated on graphene oxide surface and its nano heterojunction through the zinc oxide nanoparticles for water-clean

The redesigned engineering building of europium (III) oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the electron carrier surface of graphene oxide nanosheet is the main target to increase the effectiveness of the electron transfer and photogeneration of reactive oxygen species for the photocatalytic and adsorption process. The hybrid nanocomposite fabricates by the precipitation and grinding method and characterization of the nanocomposite perform by various techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, zeta potential, and UV–visible spectrophotometer. The hybrid nanocomposite's stability is performed through the cyclic voltammetry technique by measuring the CV-cycle's multi-cycles. The adsorption process and photocatalytic activity are detected by using the UV–visible spectroscopy, where the degradation efficiency of characterized absorption peaks of pollutants was followed. The ability of the modified surface of hybrid nanocomposite against the pollutants for example methylene blue dye, p-nitrocatechol, p-nitrophenol, and removal of the chromium heavy metal to obtain the clean water was performed successfully. The rate constant and efficiency of the fabricated nanocatalyst were calculated, the photodegradation of methylene blue was 0.005 min−1 (efficiency 68 %), in sodium hydroxide was 0.03764 min−1 (efficiency 94 %), and in hydrogen peroxide was 0.02837 min−1 (efficiency 96 %). The p-nitrocatechol has photodegradation at 5.7564 min−1 (efficiency 89 %), p-nitrophenol 0.00492 min−1 (efficiency 74 %), and chromium ions adsorption appeared at 0.13381 min−1 (efficiency 54 %). The study confirms the hybrid nanocomposite is a promising candidate as a novel membrane for clean water production. [Display omitted]