A PAGER framework-enhanced bibliometric analysis of global nuclear desalination research trends (2005–2024)

Nuclear desalination offers a viable and sustainable solution to the escalating global water scarcity crisis by utilizing the reliability and low carbon emissions of nuclear energy. This study applies the PAGER framework (Pattern, Advance, Gaps, Evidence, Research Recommendations) to perform a bibliometric analysis of nuclear desalination research trends from 2005 to 2024. Drawing on data from Scopus and employing VOSviewer for visualization, 187 publications were examined to identify thematic trends, evaluate technological advancements, highlight research gaps, and propose actionable recommendations. The analysis delineates three distinct research phases: foundational studies emphasizing technical feasibility (2005–2010), a transitional period prioritizing safety and modularity post-Fukushima (2011–2019), and recent sustainability-focused innovations (2020–2024). Key advancements include the integration of small modular reactors (SMRs) with renewable energy sources, advancements in brine management technologies, and hydrogen co-production systems. Major contributors such as China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, alongside prominent institutions like the International Atomic Energy Agency, play critical roles in shaping the field. However, significant challenges persist, including high capital costs, regulatory complexities, and environmental issues such as brine disposal. This study emphasizes the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration and outlines future research priorities, including optimizing hybrid systems, advancing heat pipe technology for passive heat transfer, and fostering public acceptance through transparent communication. Addressing these gaps will position nuclear desalination as a transformative technology for achieving global water and energy sustainability. •A PAGER-based bibliometric analysis reveals trends, advancements, and gaps in nuclear desalination research (2005–2024).•China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran lead global research productivity in nuclear desalination.•Environmental mitigation, nuclear-renewable hybrid systems, and heat pipes offer key innovation pathways.•Hydrogen co-generation and addressing public perception are vital for advancing nuclear desalination adoption.