Lense–Thirring effect and precession of timelike geodesics in slowly rotating black hole and naked singularity spacetimes

In this paper, we investigate the properties of the Lense–Thirring precession frequency and periastron precession of the relativistic bound orbits in slowly rotating naked singularity spacetimes. We show that the precession frequencies of a stationary test gyroscope are quite unique in slowly rotating naked singularity spacetimes, and therefore, one can easily distinguish them from the slowly rotating Kerr black hole spacetime. On the other hand, we also show that in slowly rotating Joshi–Malafarina–Narayan (JMN1) naked singularity spacetime, negative precession of the timelike bound orbits is allowed which is not possible in Kerr and slowly rotating null naked singularity spacetimes.