A particle-resolved direct numerical simulation method for the compressible gas flow and arbitrary shape solid moving with a uniform framework

•A method to solve compressible gas flow and arbitrary-shape solid moving within a uniform Eulerian–Lagrangian frame.•High conservation and low memory consumption when solving the multi-process, i.e., coupling, collision and particle moving.•An iterative algorithm to improve the flux conservation properties over the moving boundary of particles.•A high-efficiency cell-type identification method for each step to calculate particle aerodynamic force.•A high-efficiency contact searching algorithm based on mapping among Lagrangian points and cells.•Specially designed experiments involving acceleration of a sphere using gas krypton to further validate current method. Compressible particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS) are widely used in explosion-driven dispersion of particles simulations, multiphase turbulence modelling, and stage separation for two-stage-to-orbit vehicles. The direct forcing immersed boundary method (IBM) is a promising method and widely applied in low speed flow while there is few research regarding compressible flows. We developed a novel IBM to resolve supersonic and hypersonic gas flows interacting with irregularly shaped multi-body particle. The main innovation is that current method can solve the interaction of particles and high-speed fluids, particle translation and rotation, and collision among complex-shaped particles within a uniform framework. Specially, high conservation and computation consumption are strictly satisfied, which is critical for resolving the high speed compressible flow feature. To avoid the non-physical flow penetration around particle surface, an special iterative algorithm is specially derived to handle the coupling force between the gas and particles. The magnitude of the velocity difference error could be reduced by 6–8 orders compared to that of a previous method. Additionally, aerodynamic force integration was achieved using the momentum equation to ensure momentum conservation for two-phase coupling. A high-efficiency cell-type identification method for each step was proposed, and mapping among LPs and cells was used again to select the immersed cells. As for the collision force calculation, the complex shape of a particle was represented by a cloud of LPs and the mapping of LPs and cells was used to reduce the complexity of the algorithm for contact searching. The repetitive use of the mapping relationship could reduce the internal memory and improve the efficiency of the proposed algorit