WOA-tuned supertwisted synergetic control of multipurpose on-board charger for G2V/V2G/V2V operational modes of electric vehicles

On-board chargers within electric vehicles (EVs) must efficiently manage grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) modes for sustainable EV operation. This paper introduces a modified hybrid nonlinear control approach that utilizes the whale optimization algorithm-tuned supertwisted synergetic (WOA-ST-syn) technique for a multipurpose on-board charger (MP-OBC). The whale optimization algorithm(WOA) adjusts the parameters of supertwisted synergetic controller using the integral time absolute error, reducing the need for exhaustive trial-and-error adjustments. The controller employs the state space model of a two-stage on-board electric vehicle charging system, ensuring stability through the Lyapunov stability criterion. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink evaluate the performance of the proposed controller across various operational modes, testing robustness against varying load currents and mode-switching conditions. Results indicate significant improvements over state-of-the-art nonlinear controllers, with minimal chattering, shortest rise time (0.0007 s for AC-DC, 1.5520 s for DC-DC), fastest settling time (0.0447 s for AC-DC, 2.0550 s for DC-DC), and minimal steady-state error (0.0010% for AC-DC, 0.0004% for DC-DC). Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (C-HIL) experiments were also performed to confirm the real-time applicability of the controller. •Supertwisted synergetic control for a multipurpose bidirectional on-board EV charger.•Parameter tuning using the metaheuristic-based whale optimization algorithm (WOA).•Robustness validation of the proposed controller in G2V, V2G and V2V operating modes.•Performance superiority by comparison with the state-of-the-art nonlinear controllers.•Controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) experiments for real-time validation.