Flexible terahertz dynamic tuning modulator: Top-to-bottom construction of in-plane gradient terahertz attenuator network

Feasible and effective routes toward faster, more stable, and accurate remote communication and detection have gradually emerged with the development of terahertz (THz) technology. Nevertheless, flexible THz devices have not yet achieved satisfactory reconciliation between economic affordance and performance. In this work, we demonstrated the concept of crab-claw–inspired gradient structure and its scalable manufacturing using one-step compression-shear coupling processing technology. With the assistance of polyethylene-wax, copper nanoparticles were gradiently dispersed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix, creating a designable semi-transparent to non-transparent attenuator in THz band. Thus, we adjusted the absorption and reflection of THz waves by selecting the operating region and functional robustness under the operating conditions (insulation and heat conduction). Furthermore, the composites demonstrated excellent performance by adjustably attenuating the THz source power. These materials may represent a technological solution that addresses the combined cost, performance, and convenience issues facing future THz applications.