Study on the performance of different nano-species used for surface modification of carbon fiber for interface strengthening

The interfacial strength, vibrations attenuation and delamination resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) can be significantly improved by introducing different nano-species (nanotube/nanorods/nanowalls/nanowires) on the carbon fiber (CF) surface. A review on the performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowalls, nanowires, and other nano-species, modified CFRPCs is presented. The approaches to optimize the size and maximize the density of nanotubes and nanorods on the CF surface based on the available literature data are discussed. It could be concluded based on the discussion that the dense-thin-long-fibers produce better mechanical performance and in addition to improving interfacial strength, nanotubes/rods share the load with fibers and improve the toughness of CFRPC. The finite element (FE) model is constituted for observing the stresses at CNT, CF, and interface of CF/CNT during tensile loading. A FE model analyzing variation in mechanical properties of CF due to possible defects is reviewed. The analysis of data revealed under-utilization of the strength of CNTs in CFRPC. Later, a discussion on the fractography of CFRPCs with nano-species/other treatments along with some original FE results required for discussion is presented. This review should provide a faster and better understanding of the research area addressed.