A dendritic freezing model for in-flight supercooled large droplets impingement and solidification

•A 3D SPH solver is developed to simulate SLD impingement and solidification.•A dendritic freezing model is proposed to simulate supercooled solidification.•The model is validated against experiments and applied to various cases.•This work provides a promising tool to study in-flight SLD problem. Supercooled large droplets (SLD) solidification is a complex multi-physics process of great importance for assessing in-flight icing problems. In this work, a multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation of SLD impingement and solidification is further enriched by incorporating a freezing model for dendrites growth. The solver is validated against available experimental data of SLD impingement on ice surfaces at low speeds and then applied to test cases with various supercooling degrees and impact speeds to explore their effects on residual ice layers. This work completes a comprehensive toolset for parametric studies of single SLD impingement and solidification and paves the way for macroscopic models that can enrich in-flight icing CFD codes.