PCB-integrated embedded planar magnetorquers for small satellites intelligent detumbling

The challenge of damping high tumbling rates after deployment of spacecraft from a rocket using PCB-integrated (printed circuit board) embedded planar coils that acts as pseudo- 2D magnetorquers is explored for higher form factor small satellites (2 U and 4 U). The magnetorquers cannot generate the torque if their axes are lined up with the local geomagnetic field and generally the reaction wheels are actuated to generate this torque component. CubeSats are small satellites that have cube units of 10 cm along each axis and they are usually detumbled using magnetorquer rods bringing norm to the point where reaction wheels take over to reduce the body rates to zero. In this paper, the task of removing the initial angular velocities is undertaken by using the embedded planar coils without relying on the secondary actuators using an intelligent projection based form of the B-Dot control. The proposed reconfigurable planar coils can effectively detumble the higher form factor small satellites using application-specific optimal coil configuration. The performance parameters for various possible combinations of the coils are thermally evaluated to sustain a stable thermal profile as the planar coils are embedded inside the multilayered PCB in the form of copper traces. Lastly, the proposed coils are compared with the performance parameters of the commercial actuators in the formal studies. It is found that the suggested embedded planar magnetorquers outperforms the competition.