Unpacking the relationship between screen use and educational outcomes in childhood: A systematic literature review

The increasing digitization of society has led to the growing immersion of children in virtual culture, raising concerns about how screen use affects their educational and personal development. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Textual Data Mining (TDM), this study explores the profile of digital technology use, behaviour, and effects on childhood. We identify three distinct periods in the study of these effects: pre-2016, focused on addiction and health; 2016–2020, focused on educational applications and the role of families; and post-2020, with an emphasis on negative repercussions for identity construction, health, well-being, and behaviour. Our findings reveal a growing concern about the cognitive and emotional impact of screen use, underscoring the importance of teacher training and digital literacy for children and parents for appropriate and healthy use of technology. In contrast to what has been previously known, this study highlights the dynamic change in issues of concern about childhood screen use over time and emphasizes the need for educational strategies adapted to emerging digital cultural realities. This comprehensive approach offers a deeper insight into the dual role of technology as both an educational tool and a source of risk, providing a foundation for the development of informed and responsible educational practices in the digital age. •The boundary between online and offline is becoming blurred.•The use of digital devices by children has long been a topic of interest.•The study reveals the main risks and benefits of using technology in childhood.•The study highlights topics of interest for educational policies and practices.