Multifunctional magnesium alloy scaffolds for osteomyelitis therapy: Integrating corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity, and antibacterial effects

[Display omitted] Graphical abstract of a) ion implantation onto the magnesium scaffolds after high-temperature oxidation. b) the application of the HTO&PIII scaffold in the treatment of osteomyelitis. c) the HTO&PIII scaffold increase its osteogenic performance and antibacterial capability in the MASA defected model. •High temperature oxidation improves the corrosion resistance of magnesium scaffold.•The magnesium scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and antibacterial property.•The magnesium scaffolds satisfy requirements of the osteomyelitis treatment. We simultaneously applied plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and high-temperature oxidation treatment (HTO) to biodegradable magnesium alloys to reduce corrosion of the magnesium alloy matrix while increasing their osteogenic performance and antibacterial capability. After HTO treatment, the biodegradable magnesium alloy underwent ion implantation. We then evaluated the biocompatibility, osteogenic performance, and antibacterial properties of the HTO&PIII scaffold as a biodegradable material. The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial performance and therapeutic efficacy of the HTO&PIII scaffold demonstrated its effectiveness. These results suggest the potential application of the HTO&PIII scaffold in the treatment of osteomyelitis.