A multi-scale hierarchically omnidirectional strategy to elevate crossband camouflage and anti-icing properties

In this work, multi-scale hierarchically HNMS-Al@PU coating were prepared using a spraying method to achieve multifunctional property that deliver exceptional infrared camouflage irrespective of environmental conditions, along with visible light concealment, superhydrophobicity, and delayed icing capabilities. [Display omitted] •Multi-scale micro-nano structured can achieve infrared transmittance, extinction, and superhydrophobic properties.•The composite coating was as low as 2.3 (60°), the infrared emissivity in the range of 8–14 μm achieved 0.297.•The coating showed good infrared camouflage performance.•The water contact angle of the composite coating was 162.97°, and the sliding angle was 2.2°. The relentless evolution and enhancement of contemporary detection technologies have underscored the necessity for multi-band compatible camouflage, encompassing both visual and infrared spectra. This study successfully developed a composite coating with the low gloss and superior infrared camouflage capabilities without affected by external heat sources. The composite layered coating, which consists of a low infrared emissivity layer and a top layer with a multi-scale micro-nano structure, exhibits high infrared camouflage performance (ε = 0.297, 8–14 μm) and forms an infrared camouflage coating based on Lambert surfaces. The gloss of the composite coating decreased from 74.1 of the conventional metal-based resin coating to 2.3, the water contact angle could reach 162.97°, the sliding angle was only 2.2°, and a delayed icing time of 795.16 s was achieved at −20 °C. This study provides a feasible strategy for designing low-gloss infrared camouflage coatings with excellent self-cleaning performance and delayed icing performance. This work also presents a feasible approach for solving infrared camouflage in harsh environments, and opens up a feasible prospect for developing multi-functional infrared camouflage.