ATP-activated Fe(Ⅲ)/carbon dots assemblies for in situ generating nanozyme and simultaneously monitoring tumor cell ferroptosis
The inactive Fe(Ⅲ)/carbon dots assemblies act as ATP-activated inducers for in situ generation of Fe3+-ATP nanocomplexes with peroxidase-like activity and specific release of CDs. Fe3+-ATP nanozyme efficiently generate highly toxic ·OH in tumor microenvironment, inducing tumor cells ferroptosis. Sim...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) Switzerland : 1996), 2024-11, Vol.500, p.157033, Article 157033 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The inactive Fe(Ⅲ)/carbon dots assemblies act as ATP-activated inducers for in situ generation of Fe3+-ATP nanocomplexes with peroxidase-like activity and specific release of CDs. Fe3+-ATP nanozyme efficiently generate highly toxic ·OH in tumor microenvironment, inducing tumor cells ferroptosis. Simultaneously, the released CDs initially penetrate into the lysosomes of tumor cells and ultimately accumulate in the nuclei of death/dying cells, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of cell death process.
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•ATP-activated Fe( Ⅲ )/carbon dots nano assemblies were developed for in situ generating nanozyme.•Fe3+-ATP peroxidase-like nanozymes synthesized in situ efficiently induces tumor cells ferroptosis.•Released red-emissive carbon dots real-time report the ferroptosis through targeted localization of cell nucleus.
The integration of nanomedicine and nanocatalysis has currently resulted in the emergence of synthesized nanozymes with disruptive potential in alternative cancer therapy. However, the in situ synthesis of nanozymes using an intracellular components remains a formidable challenge. In this study, the inactivated Fe(Ⅲ)/carbon dots nanoassemblies (Fe/CDs-A) were prepared through Fe3+-induced assembly of red emissive CDs. In tumor cells overexpressing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Fe/CDs-A can be activated and disassembled, causing the specific release of CDs and simultaneous formation of Fe3+-ATP nanocomplexes in situ due to the enhanced coordination between intracellular ATP and Fe3+. Intriguingly, Fe3+-ATP nanocomplexes were found to possess peroxidase (POD)-like activity, efficiently generating highly toxic •OH in the presence of acidic H2O2 in tumor cells, thereby inducing tumor cells ferroptosis. Simultaneously, the released CDs initially penetrate the lysosomes of tumor cells and ultimately accumulate in the nuclei of dead/dying cells, achieving real-time monitoring cell death process through their recovered red emission. Overall, for the first time, the well-designed Fe/CDs-A demonstrates its capability as ATP-triggered inducers for in situ generation of nanozymes and specific release of CDs. This study offers a novel pathway for in situ generation of nanozymes for precise cancer therapy. |
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ISSN: | 1385-8947 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.cej.2024.157033 |