A critical review on technological development of cellulosic material as a sustainable alternative for superabsorbent polymers and its recent applications

[Display omitted] •Reviewed the most recent superabsorbent processing methods and techniques.•Focused on modern developments in the logical chemical functionalization of superabsorbent.•Critically evaluated superabsorbent properties, applications and weakness in water treatments. The development of biodegradable superabsorbent polymers from renewable resources is gaining significant attention from scientists and researchers worldwide. In contrast to synthetic superabsorbent polymers, biodegradable alternatives offer ecological benefits and contribute to environmental protection. Recent technological advancements have enabled the modification of these biodegradable materials through various techniques and the use of innovative raw materials or additives to produce superabsorbent polymers. Among these methods, cellulose grafting and crosslinking processes stand out for their numerous advantages, showing great potential to meet both environmental and consumer needs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cellulose-based superabsorbent polymers, covering the latest advancements in processing technologies, polymer characteristics, factors influencing the superabsorbent process, and potential applications of biodegradable superabsorbents.