Liquid-Infused bionic microstructures on High-Frequency electrodes for enhanced spark effects and reduced tissue adhesion

[Display omitted] •Electrode-tissue adhesion is a key surgical challenge.•Using laser etching technology to prepare Nepenthes peristome on the electrode.•Bionic electrodes reduce tissue adhesion and heat damaged.•Coupling effect improves spark and minimizes electrosurgical adhesion. High-frequency electrodes are widely used in surgery due to their excellent cutting and coagulation properties. However, the problem of adhesion between electrodes and tissues remains a challenge that cannot be ignored during surgery. The liquid-infused surface can effectively reduce the adhesion between electrodes and tissues. Inspired by the self-driven spreading of a liquid film on the surface of Nepenthes, we successfully prepared a bionic microstructure on a high-frequency surgical electrode by using laser etching technology, and introduced a conduct oil film into the microstructure. This conduct oil film can self-propelled and rapidly fill the microstructure of the electrode. Our experimental results show that the introduction of microstructure on the electrode surface can promote the occurrence of the spark effect, thereby preventing the short circuit of the electrode in the tissue. In addition, the conductive silicone oil filled on the surface of the microstructure changes the contact mode between the electrode and the tissue, from a solid–solid mode to a solid–liquid-solid mode, which increases the current density, enhances the spark effect, and reduces the adhesion during the cutting process. Inhibiting heat transfer during the cutting process can prevent heat damage and significantly reduce adhesion problems. This study provides an innovative method for the application of high-frequency electrode in surgery, which has potential clinical application prospects.