The Anti-parasitic Effect of Extract of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn Is Related to Its Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Anthelmintic Activities on Haemonchus contortus

Ceiba pentandra is a medicinal plant used as alternative therapy to control parasitic nematodes in livestock. This study aims to investigate anti-parasitic effect of aqueous stem back extract of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn through the evaluation of its anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. In vitro, the efficacy of aqueous extract (75 to 2400 µg·mL−1) diluted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was tested against three stages of the life cycle of Haemonchus contortus through larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA), egg hatch assay (EHA), and adult worms motility inhibition assay (AMIA). In vivo, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract (150 and 300 mg·kg−1) was evaluated on rodent using phlogistic and algic chemicals. Significant inhibition activity (P