Recent advances in conductive MOF-based electrochemical sensors

Electrochemical sensors, with their outstanding sensitivity, excellent selectivity, ease of operation, and lower manufacturing costs, have found widespread applications in fields such as disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. In the development of sensing materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a research hotspot due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and high designability. Recently, conductive metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have brought innovative opportunities to the field of electrochemical sensing, attributing to their remarkable capabilities in catalysis, electron transport, and signal amplification. This review summarizes the significant progress of CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensing. Firstly, the design and synthesis strategies for CMOFs used in electrochemical sensing are explored, including enhancing the electrochemical properties of MOFs through precise design of different metal nodes and ligands or via post-synthetic modification techniques, covering Cu-based CMOFs, Ni-based CMOFs, Fe-based CMOFs, and CMOF composites. Furthermore, this article elaborately discusses the breakthrough achievements of electrochemical sensors based on CMOFs in applications such as the determination of inorganic ions, detection of organic pollutants, and recognition of gases and biomolecules, and introduces the principles of electrochemical sensing methods and the role of CMOFs in enhancing the performance of electrochemical sensors. Finally, this review analyzes the main challenges currently faced by CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensors and offers perspectives on their future development. These challenges mainly include stability, selectivity, production costs, and the realization of their large-scale application. CMOFs provide new ideas and material platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors. As researchers deepen their understanding of their properties and technological advances continue, the application prospects of CMOF-based electrochemical sensors will be even broader. This review summarizes the latest developments in conductive metal-organic framework (CMOF)-based electrochemical sensors, particularly emphasizing the design and synthesis strategies for CMOFs required in electrochemical sensing and the applications of CMOF-based electrochemical sensors in the detection of inorganic ions, organic pollutants, gases and biomolecules. [Display omitted]