Spatial variability of soil quality within management zones: Homogeneity and purity of delineated zones

[Display omitted] •Soil management zones on a regional scale were delineated by fuzzy c-means algorithm.•Soil quality assessment was investigated by TDS and MDS of soil properties.•The homogeneity of the delineated management zone was assessed by soil quality assessment.•Different combinations of datasets created various soil quality grades.•Delineated MZs showed heterogeneity in terms of soil quality grades. Fields are the original management zones used in agricultural ecosystems. Uniformity of soil within management zones (MZ) is crucial for sustainable soil management, long-term productivity, and avoiding environmental problems. When considering a new area for agricultural expansion or for improving the efficiency of existing agricultural practices, it is useful to identify homogeneous areas or MZs so that the land can be more sustainably used in the future. One way to identify MZs could be through soil quality assessment. Management zones were determined for an agroecosystem region in southern Iran with an area of 452 km2, and the homogeneity and purity of delineated zones were examined by soil quality assessment. Soil quality grades were calculated using 421 top-soil samples and two methods: i) the total data set (TDS) and ii) the minimum data set (MDS). The spatial distribution of soil quality grades was mapped using a random forest model. MZs were delineated using a fuzzy k-means classification algorithm based on the MDS. The random forest model mapped the spatial distribution of the soil quality well (R2 > 0.871). Among five soil quality grades, three soil quality grades, high (II), moderate (III), and low (IV), were found to cover 90.74 and 93.11% of the total studied area as predicted by the TDS and MDS, respectively. The subsequent classification of the soil quality data into MZs using fuzzy k-means identified two different MZs (p