Developing biotechnologies in organoids for liver cancer

Organoids, three-dimensional cellular constructs, have revolutionized in vitro culture by replicating the histological and physiological functions of organs, offering a model that closely mimics physiological conditions. Liver cancer presents a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and the influence of the liver's microenvironment on therapeutic responses. Organoid technology addresses this complexity by simulating the tumor microenvironment in vitro, capturing the heterogeneity of liver cancer, and facilitating personalized treatment approaches. This study explores the integration of organoids in liver cancer research, focusing on genetic and phenotypic fidelity, disease modeling, and drug screening. We discuss the latest advancements in biotechnology, including CRISPR/Cas9, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidics, and their role in personalized medicine. Despite challenges in scalability and variability, organoids offer a promising avenue for liver cancer research and precision oncology, with the potential to transform our understanding and treatment of this disease.