Role of nanoparticles in fish disease management: A review

Aquaculture is undoubtedly a flourishing industry that ensures food security for the increasing population. However, this industry is under severe threat from bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections besides environmental contamination. Hence, in the recent days, new technologies are surfacing to confront these challenges efficiently. Nanotechnology is one of the novel and pioneering skills with a wide continuum of applications ranging from aquatic pond sterilization, water treatment, nutrient delivery, diagnosis, drug delivery, aquatic disease control, etc. The present review is mainly focused on the application of nanomaterials in fish disease management to promote sustainable aquaculture. Specifically, the effects of gold, silver, copper oxide, zinc oxide, selenium, chitosan, platinum, etc., nanoparticles on pathogen identification and treatment of fish diseases are discussed in detail. In addition, the role of these nanoparticles in fish disease control is highlighted in this review. In contrast, this review also emphasizes the toxicity associated with nanoparticle-based fish disease management which will be helpful for fish culturists. •Fish is facing severe threat from different pathogens.•Nanoparticles are being used for diagnosis of diseases.•Various nanoparticles are in use for disease treatment.•Nanoparticles are being used to control the diseases.