Garlic and ginger extracts mediated green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles: A review on recent advancements and prospective applications

Nanotechnology and nanoscience are presently going through distinct inaugurations that will govern diverse industries world-wide in due course. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) disclose remarkable hallmarks and perpetuate to allure researchers to explore new amendments to their valuation. Amongst the divergent metal NPs, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs have stolen the spotlight. AuNPs and AgNPs are frequently synthesized utilizing toxic chemicals, which devastate the environment. The major portion of this review is demanded at the instigation of eco-friendly techniques to provoke the green synthesis approach. It will prospect the extensive reason why green reduction is preferred over conventional chemical reduction due to eco-friendly impacts. The extracts of plant-based bio-molecules are the spine of plant-mediated fabrication of NPs, which outshines conservative chemical procedures. The excellent benefits of eco-friendly approaches have also paved the way for captivating developments in the synthesis of NPs. This review provides comprehensive scientific enlightenment about the optimization parameters (exposure time, pH, etc), mechanism, and toxicological impacts of nanoparticles. Furthermore, compendious advancements in antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer applications of AgNPs mediated green sources from currently published articles were recapitulated. The green syntheses of nanoparticles fabricated by more than 65 traditionally utilized therapeutic plants are reviewed. This review outlines a literature study by classifying nanoparticles with a global market production from 2010 to 2025 and depicts an overview of applicable concerns provided by the accessible scientific data scrutinizing the green synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing plants. The fascination of this review is that it piles up all the recent information in a single platform which will inspect new intentions for young researchers. •Ecofriendly nanoparticles synthesis.•Bimetallic nanoparticles of gold and silver.•Environmental remediation.•Nanoparticles applications of ginger and garlic.•Biological activities of ginger and garlic extracts.