Immunomodulatory effect of potassium diformate and sodium diformate on humoral immunity and antioxidant capacity in Acipenser baerii: Cytokine and high-mobility group protein gene induction

The research examined the impact of adding potassium diformate (KDF) and sodium diformate (NDF) to the diet of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) and how it influenced their antioxidant levels and immune responses. The fish (n = 315; 17.85 ± 0.2 g initial weight) were fed with seven diets for 56 days, including a control group (unsupplemented diet) and groups with varying levels of KDF (0.15, 0.3, and 0.5%) and NDF (0.15, 0.3, and 0.5%). After the feeding trial, the groups that consumed KDF or NDF demonstrated a dose-responsive elevation in serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels, along with an overall increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group (P