Is non-legume green manure rotation or straw biochar more effective in promoting peanut production?

In contemporary agronomy, the adoption of green manure rotation and straw biochar amendment has emerged as an important strategy, explicitly targeting the enhancement of soil health and crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of incorporating non-legume green manure rotation and straw biochar application on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and peanut production, along with a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness. Over the three-year experimental period, the treatments included: a control treatment that followed traditional planting practices (PT); ryegrass was planted and then returned to the field before peanut cultivation (GM); and straw biochar was applied prior to peanut planting (BC). The results demonstrated that both GM and BC treatments led to a significant (P 5 mm and 2–5 mm, while decreasing aggregates measuring 0.25–2 mm, 0.053–0.025 mm, and