Little environmental adaptation and high stability of bacterial communities in rhizosphere rather than bulk soils in rice fields

The rhizosphere harbors complex bacterial communities, which are critical for plant growth and health. Significant differences exist between bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and bulk soils, however, limited research has explored co-occurrence patterns, environmental adaptations, and assembly mechanisms of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities in both rhizosphere and bulk soils from a rice cropping experimental system in China. In addition to investigating differences in bacterial composition, we examined co-occurrence patterns, estimated environmental breadth and phylogenetic signals, and analyzed community assembly processes in these environments. Significant differences were observed between rhizosphere composition and bulk soil (p