Resilience-constrained expansion planning of integrated power–gas–heat distribution networks

Integrated energy systems (IESs) have attracted wide attention as effective frameworks to develop efficient use of energy resources. Proactive preparedness is a sensible approach for integrated distribution networks (IDNs) to propitiously cope with high-impact rare (HR) events. In this paper, a resilient-constrained two-stage expansion planning methodology is proposed with the aim of simultaneously optimal expansion of the IDNs and resilience improvement against hurricanes in long-term. To maintain the independence of IDN’s operation and to cope with the computational complexity of such large-scale planning problem, a modified linearized alternating direction method of multipliers with parallel splitting and the adaptive penalty (LADMMPSAP) is introduced to convert the centralized model to a decentralized one. Accordingly, a new framework for the interaction between IDNs is proposed with the resilience and energy coordinator unit (RECU), which is responsible for couplings coordination between IDNs. The main goal of stage 1 is to minimize total cost, which includes investment, operation, and resilience costs. The optimal expansion scheme with optimal operation strategies is obtained in this stage. A stochastic resilience maximization under hurricane occurrence scenarios is modeled in stage 2. A normalized resilience index (RI) for evaluating resilience in IDNs suitable for long-term planning is proposed. The priorities of lines hardening and tie-line installation are determined using the proposed resilience importance index (RII) in stage 2 and sent back to stage 1. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is tested on real-scale IDNs. The simulation results depict the privileges of incorporating resilience in long-term expansion planning from both economic and technical aspects. •A stochastic expansion planning model is proposed for integrated energy networks.•An efficient and privacy-preserving approach is used to solve the optimization model.•A resilience index is proposed to evaluate suitability of solutions in long-term planning.•A framework for the interaction among integrated distribution networks is proposed.