Perspectives and challenges on the interaction between tropical cyclone precipitation and the ocean: A review

Tropical cyclone–induced heavy precipitation (TCP) can have a detrimental impact on human productivity, causing significant economic losses and even human casualties in coastal countries every year. In this review article, the authors highlight the latest research developments in terms of ocean–atmosphere interactions and TCP, and identify the gaps where further research is required to enhance our understanding. The paper revolves around the following topics: (1) the characteristics of TCP over the ocean; (2) how air–sea interface processes, including sea surface temperature, sea-salt aerosols, and sea spray, influence TCP development; (3) the effects of TCP on the ocean; and (4) TCP changes in the context of global warming. In addition, directions and suggestions for future research toward a more comprehensive understanding of TCP–ocean interactions are discussed. Overall, this review summarizes the recent research progress and challenges in TCP–ocean interactions, and could serve as a guide for improvements in convective parameterization schemes and climate models toward predicting TCP distribution and intensity more accurately. 摘要 热带气旋引起的强降水 (TCP) 经常对人类生产生活产生不利影响, 每年给沿海国家造成重大经济损失和人员伤亡. 本综述重点梳理回顾了海气相互作用和热带气旋降水方面近年来的研究进展, 并指出了有待进一步研究的差距领域, 以增强对热带气旋降水的认识. 本文主要围绕以下主题展开: (1) 海洋上的TCP特征; (2) 海气界面过程 (海表面温度, 海盐气溶胶和海雾等) 如何影响TCP的发展; (3) TCP对海洋的影响; (4) 全球变暖背景下的TCP变化. 此外, 文章提出了结论性的方向和建议, 以期对TCP与海洋的相互作用有更全面的认识. 总体而言, 本文总结了近年来TCP与海洋相互作用的最新研究进展和面临的挑战, 可指导改进对流参数化方案和气候模型, 以更准确地预测TCP的分布和强度. [Display omitted]