Analysis of a Miniaturized Hexagonal Sierpinski Gasket fractal microstrip antenna for modern wireless communications

A multi-band, high gain, miniaturized fractal microstrip antenna is described in this article for modern communication systems. Space-utilizing and structure-similarity are the two main characteristics of fractal miniaturization technique. In the proposed design, a hexagonal Sierpinski gasket structure is loaded on a square microstrip antenna. Using fractal miniaturization techniques, the patch area is reduced by 68.4% along with 168.8% increase in the perimeter by loading several triangular slots of different dimensions in various iterations. The simulation and optimization of various iterations are analysed using Ansoft HFSS simulation tool and verified with fabricated antenna results. The proposed design presents the hexa-band, dual-polarization performance at 3.46, 8.28, 12.26, 17.21, 23.40, 26.01 frequencies (GHz) with Peak Gain (dB) of 6, 8.37, 9.65, 9, 7.84 and 9.34 respectively. The designed miniaturized hexagonal fractal antenna exhibits high gain, high directivity, omnidirectional radiation pattern entire multi-resonant frequency and useful for modern wireless communications like 5G and IoT application, satellite and Radar applications etc.