Field-scale variability and dynamics of soil moisture in Southwestern Nigeria

This research leverages field-based sensors and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to elucidate soil moisture dynamics across diverse land uses in Southwestern Nigeria, including Cocoa, Cassava, Oil Palm, and Riparian ecosystems. The study synthesizes soil moisture data and geospatial coordinates from strategically selected land covers with satellite-derived soil moisture records from NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) and the US Geological Survey. Through a robust analytical framework combining cross-correlation functions, wavelet analysis, and inverse distance weighting interpolation, we revealed distinct soil moisture patterns ranging from 0 to 47.9% in arable farms, 0 to 46.8% in built-up areas, 0 to 49.9% in cocoa farms, 0.2 to 49.7% in oil palm farms, and 5.6 to 94.1% in riparian vegetation. The coefficient of determination values between 0.7 and 0.97 (p ≤ 0.05) underscore the significant influence of periodic land use on soil moisture during the study period. A comparative analysis of ground-based and satellite data revealed a potential overestimation of minimum soil moisture values by 66% and an underestimation of maximum values by 4%. This investigation provides critical insights into the interplay between hydrological variables and agro-meteorological factors, informing the management and assessment of agricultural resources.