Identifying the optimal temperature and water activity conditions of phytopathogenic fungi recovered from Al-Baha province
Fungi are responsible for many plant infections. Indeed, fungi are responsible for most plant spoilage that occurs in the field or in storage, causing symptoms of dieback, leaf spot, rot, rust and wilt. A more serious issue is that fungi produce mycotoxins, which can contaminate crops. Samples of le...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences 2024, Vol.10 (4), p.640-651 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Fungi are responsible for many plant infections. Indeed, fungi are responsible for most plant spoilage that occurs in the field or in storage, causing symptoms of dieback, leaf spot, rot, rust and wilt. A more serious issue is that fungi produce mycotoxins, which can contaminate crops. Samples of leaf, fruit and root tissues were collected from sick crops, pre- and post-harvest within Al-Baha region. Using molecular markers, twenty fungal isolates were identified that represent eight genera and thirteen species. The most common species were
Penicillium
spp. (45%), followed by
Aspergillus
spp. (25%). The remaining 30% were comprised of multiple species (
Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Megasporoporia minor
and
Rhizopus arrhizu
). The majority of these isolates are recognised as spoilers of crops and producers of mycotoxins. The study evaluated which temperatures optimised fungal growth. Half of the isolates thrived best at 25 °C; six isolates favoured 30 °C, whilst four isolates grew best at 20 °C. The study also evaluated the optimal water activity (a
w
) for fungal growth, at four points (0.995, 0.99, 0.90 and 0.85 a
w
). The isolates were categorised as being either xerophilic, mesophilic or hydrophilic. The majority of isolates (70%) were xerophilic (
Aspergillus
and
Penicillium
spp.), 10% were mesophilic (
Alternaria alternata and Rhizopus oryzae
spp.) and 20% were hydrophilic (
Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Geotrichum candidum, Megasporoporia minor
and
Fusarium oxysporum
spp). The information derived from this study will assist in building effective strategies to control these pathogens, minimising crops losses and mycotoxin contamination. |
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ISSN: | 2731-6734 1658-8185 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s43994-024-00131-3 |