Genetic Diversity and Chemical Profile of Rhodophiala bifida Populations from Brazil

Rhodophiala bifida (Herb.) Traub, Amaryllidaceae, is a species native to South America known to produce alkaloids with potential pharmacological uses such as montanine, which has anti-inflammatory potential. R. bifida could be applied as a natural source of montanine. It is important to understand the genetic diversity of this species in order to assess the sustainable use of this plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and chemical profiles of the two known natural populations of R. bifida in Brazil. This report is the first population genetic study of R. bifida . We studied 93 individuals with six Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers. A total of 79 loci were amplified. Our results showed high-population structure (Fst = 0.16), with greatest genetic variation at the intrapopulation level. Genetic analyses separated the individuals of R. bifida into two clusters that corresponded to each of the natural populations. Chemical profile evaluation was carried out on dried bulbs, leaves, flowers, and flower scapes by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Montanine and nangustine were the main metabolites identified in both populations. These alkaloids concentrations differed by population and by plant part. Graphical abstract