Patterns of Histomorphology of Upper GI Lesions Diagnosed on Endoscopic biopsies: a Retrospective Analysis

Disorders of upper gastrointestinal tract are one of the most commonly encountered problems in Bangladesh. A variety of benign and malignant disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract may give rise to overlapping clinical features. No definite data is available in this country regarding Upper GIT lesions. This study is to determine the spectrum of histomorphological features of the lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract in Bangladesh. This retrospective observational study was conducted in one of the busiest histopathology lab in Bangladesh named ‘The Laboratory’ during November to December 20. One year’s data from January 2018 to December 2018 were used. A total 1390 endoscopic biopsies were evaluated. Out of which, 790 cases were gastric, 302 were from oesophagus and 298 were from duodenum. A total of 279 (35.32%) malignant cases were found in case of gastric biopsies. The most common malignancy was adenocarcinoma. Out of 302 oesophageal biopsies, 170 (56.29%) cases were malignant. The most common of these malignancies are invasive squamous cell carcinoma (40.06%) followed by adenocarcinoma. Duodenal biopsies include 12 (4.02%) adenocarcinoma and 8 (2.65%) non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. In Bangladesh, patients frequently undergo endoscopic biopsy because of GI tract symptoms. In the current study, malignancies were found to be the most common in case of oesophageal biopsies and the least common in case of duodenal biopsies. In case of gastric biopsies, nonspecific chronic gastritis and gastritis with intestinal metaplasia predominate over gastric malignancies. Non neoplastic gastric polyps are also significant in number. Chronic duodenitis was the most frequent in case of duodenal biopsies.