State-of-art review on smart perovskites materials: properties and applications

Materials science has played a very crucial role in developing new technologies so far that could probably address the challenges of economic and ecological sustainability soon. In the field of advanced materials, perovskite oxides stand out to provide a clean environment, ensure enough clean energy, and sanitized water, and provide resources for industrial and growing populations. Perovskite oxides are green and eco-friendly smart materials whose properties might be significantly altered under controlled conditions. In this regard, lead-free perovskite ceramics and their composites such as BaTiO 3 , K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 , Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 , LaMnO 3 , BaMnO 3 , LaFeO 3 , K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 -BiFeO 3 , BaTiO 3 -K0 .5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 , BaTiO 3 -Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 , and many more are gaining attention due to their simple stoichiometry, cost-effectiveness, easy synthesis, eco-friendly behavior, and world-wide applications. In this review, a brief overview is given of the crystal structure and piezoelectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and multiferroic properties of perovskite oxides. An attempt has been made to cover the progress of selective perovskite oxide and its composites. The recent advances of these perovskite oxides and applications in energy storage, energy scavenging applications via multi-layer ceramic capacitors, supercapacitors, solid-oxide fuel cells, piezoelectric actuators, transducers, sensors, and spintronics are also highlighted. Moreover, recent industrial developments based on these selective perovskite oxides are discussed as well. At the end of this review, future perspectives on current developments of perovskite oxides are also evaluated.